Hot-Button Political Dictionary
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Abortion
Abortion refers to the medical or surgical termination of a pregnancy, ending the development of the fetus before birth. It encompasses procedures from medication-induced abortions in early pregnancy to surgical interventions in later stages, often influenced by health, socioeconomic, or personal factors. The term is central to debates about bodily autonomy, medical ethics, and fetal rights. Conservatives often frame abortion as a moral issue, emphasizing life from conception and advocating restrictions. Progressives see it as a cornerstone of reproductive rights, prioritizing women’s autonomy and access to safe procedures.
Affirmative Action
Affirmative action describes policies designed to address historical inequalities by giving preferential opportunities to underrepresented groups, particularly in education and employment. Originating in the U.S. during the Civil Rights era, it uses measures like quotas or scholarships to counter systemic disadvantages for groups like racial minorities or women. Conservatives often criticize it as reverse discrimination, arguing it undermines meritocracy. Progressives defend it as a necessary tool to level the playing field for marginalized communities.
America First
America First is a nationalist slogan and policy stance, popularized by President Donald Trump, emphasizing U.S. interests over global commitments. It prioritizes domestic economic growth, job creation, and border security, often rejecting international trade deals or military interventions. Rooted in earlier isolationist movements, it’s tied to economic protectionism. Conservatives embrace it as patriotic, strengthening sovereignty. Progressives view it as xenophobic, arguing it isolates the U.S. and undermines global cooperation.
Antifa
Antifa, short for “anti-fascist,” refers to a decentralized, far-left activist movement opposing fascism, racism, and authoritarianism, often through protests or confrontations with far-right groups. Emerging from European anti-fascist movements, it gained U.S. prominence during Trump’s presidency, particularly against white nationalist rallies. Conservatives portray Antifa as a violent, anarchistic threat to order, accusing it of curbing free speech. Progressives see it as resistance to hate, though some critique its aggressive tactics.
Asylum Seekers
Asylum seekers are individuals fleeing persecution or danger in their home countries—due to factors like race, religion, or political beliefs—seeking legal protection abroad. They must prove a credible fear of harm, navigating complex legal processes, unlike refugees who apply from outside. Conservatives often question asylum claims, citing border security and fraud concerns, advocating stricter vetting. Progressives emphasize humanitarian duties, supporting compassionate policies to protect vulnerable people.
Assault Weapons Ban
An assault weapons ban is legislation prohibiting the sale, manufacture, or possession of specific semi-automatic firearms, like AR-15 rifles, deemed dangerous due to features like high-capacity magazines. The 1994 U.S. ban (expired 2004) is a key example, often cited in mass shooting debates. Conservatives argue bans violate Second Amendment rights, blaming mental health issues instead. Progressives support bans to reduce gun violence, emphasizing public safety.
Authoritarianism
Authoritarianism describes a governing system where a single authority or small group wields significant power, often restricting individual freedoms, dissent, or democratic processes. It prioritizes control over pluralism, using tools like censorship or surveillance. Conservatives may use the term to critique progressive policies they see as overreaching, like mandates. Progressives apply it to conservative leaders, like Trump, alleging power consolidation threatens democracy.
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Background Checks
Background checks for firearms involve screening buyers for criminal records, mental health issues, or other disqualifying factors before purchase. In the U.S., federal law mandates checks for licensed dealers, but private sales often face fewer rules, fueling “universal” check debates. Conservatives support checks but resist expansions, fearing burdens on law-abiding citizens. Progressives advocate comprehensive checks to close loopholes, citing prevention of gun violence.
Big Tech
Big Tech refers to dominant tech companies like Google, Amazon, Meta, and Apple, wielding vast influence over digital markets, data, and discourse. They shape communication, commerce, and information, raising concerns about monopolies and privacy. Conservatives criticize Big Tech for alleged censorship of right-leaning voices. Progressives focus on unchecked power, advocating antitrust and privacy reforms to curb exploitation.
Border Wall
A border wall is a physical barrier along a national border to deter illegal immigration, smuggling, or trafficking. President Trump’s U.S.-Mexico border wall is a prominent example, framed as vital for security. Conservatives support walls as effective for sovereignty and law enforcement. Progressives argue they’re costly, ineffective, and xenophobic, favoring comprehensive immigration reform.
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Cancel Culture
Cancel culture involves publicly criticizing and boycotting individuals or entities for perceived offenses, often via social media, aiming to enforce accountability but sometimes causing reputational harm. Conservatives see it as a free speech threat, accusing progressives of ideological conformity. Progressives view it as a tool for social justice, though some acknowledge its potential for overreach.
Carbon Footprint
A carbon footprint measures greenhouse gas emissions from an individual, organization, or activity, expressed in carbon dioxide equivalents, covering energy, transport, and consumption. It’s key in climate change discussions. Conservatives downplay individual footprints, prioritizing economic growth over strict policies. Progressives emphasize reducing footprints via lifestyle and systemic shifts to renewables.
Charter Schools
Charter schools are publicly funded, independently operated schools with flexibility in curriculum and management, accountable to performance standards. Part of the school choice movement, they compete with traditional schools. Conservatives champion them as innovative, empowering parents. Progressives argue they divert public school resources, potentially deepening inequality.
Climate Change
Climate change refers to long-term shifts in global weather patterns, driven by human activities like burning fossil fuels and deforestation, causing rising temperatures and extreme weather. Global efforts like the Paris Agreement aim to mitigate it. Conservatives acknowledge it but prioritize economic impacts, favoring market solutions. Progressives see it as an urgent crisis needing bold government action.
Common Core
Common Core is a set of U.S. K-12 educational standards for math and English, aiming for consistent learning outcomes across states. Adopted widely, it’s criticized for implementation issues. Conservatives oppose it as federal overreach, stifling local control. Progressives support its standardization but critique its testing reliance and rollout challenges.
Communism
Communism is a political and economic ideology advocating a classless, stateless society with collective ownership of production, as outlined by Karl Marx. In practice, it’s associated with authoritarian regimes like the Soviet Union. Conservatives use it to criticize progressive policies, equating them to anti-capitalist threats. Progressives clarify it’s distinct from democratic socialism, rejecting the term’s misapplication to their agenda.
Coup
A coup is a sudden, illegal seizure of power from a government, often through military or political means, disrupting legitimate authority. In U.S. discourse, it’s debated in contexts like January 6 or alleged election challenges. Conservatives may downplay its use for events like January 6, arguing it exaggerates protester intent. Progressives apply it to describe threats to democracy, emphasizing institutional risks.
Critical Pedagogy
Critical pedagogy is an educational approach encouraging students to question societal norms and power structures, rooted in Paulo Freire’s work, focusing on social justice and equity. It’s used in some schools to address issues like racism. Conservatives criticize it as indoctrinating progressive ideologies. Progressives defend it as fostering critical thinking and social awareness.
Critical Race Theory (CRT)
Critical Race Theory is an academic framework examining systemic racism embedded in laws, policies, and institutions, perpetuating racial inequality. It views race as a social construct with real impacts. Conservatives portray CRT as divisive, accusing it of anti-white bias in education. Progressives defend it as essential for understanding historical inequities, advocating its academic use.
Cultural Marxism
Cultural Marxism is a term, often used pejoratively by conservatives, alleging a Marxist-inspired effort to undermine Western culture through progressive ideologies in media, education, and institutions. It’s rooted in conspiracy theories about the Frankfurt School. Conservatives use it to critique “woke” cultural shifts. Progressives dismiss it as a misleading dog whistle, arguing it distorts Marxist theory and fuels fearmongering.
Cybersecurity
Cybersecurity involves protecting digital systems, networks, and data from hacking, theft, or disruption, using tools like encryption and threat detection. It’s vital amid rising cyberattacks on governments and businesses. Conservatives emphasize it for national defense, tying it to foreign threats. Progressives focus on individual privacy and corporate accountability, advocating robust regulations.
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Data Privacy
Data privacy refers to protecting personal information collected by companies or governments, ensuring user control over data use. It’s a concern amid tech firms’ data collection and surveillance. Conservatives frame it as individual freedom, criticizing Big Tech but wary of regulation. Progressives advocate strict privacy laws to curb corporate exploitation, especially for marginalized groups.
Deep State
Deep State, popularized by President Trump, refers to a supposed network of unelected officials or insiders covertly influencing policy against elected leaders. Often tied to intelligence agencies, it fuels distrust in government. Conservatives use it to critique elites obstructing Trump’s agenda. Progressives dismiss it as a conspiracy, arguing it undermines public servants.
Defund the Police
Defund the Police is a movement to reduce police budgets, reallocating funds to social services like mental health or housing, sparked by police brutality concerns. It seeks to rethink public safety. Conservatives view it as weakening law enforcement and order. Progressives see it as addressing systemic policing issues, though some prefer reform.
Deplatforming
Deplatforming involves removing individuals or groups from online platforms for content deemed harmful, like hate speech or misinformation. It’s applied to controversial figures. Conservatives argue it violates free speech, targeting conservative voices. Progressives support it to curb harmful rhetoric, but some worry about inconsistent enforcement.
Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion (DEI)
Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion initiatives promote representation, fairness, and belonging for marginalized groups in workplaces or schools, using measures like bias training. Conservatives criticize DEI as prioritizing identity over merit, fostering division. Progressives champion it as correcting historical injustices and building inclusive environments.
Drain the Swamp
Drain the Swamp, popularized by President Trump, describes eliminating corruption and entrenched elites in Washington, D.C., aiming to reform government by removing insiders. Conservatives embrace it as disrupting establishment politics. Progressives view it skeptically, seeing it as a populist slogan ignoring systemic or corporate issues.
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Fake News
Fake News, heavily used by President Trump, refers to media reports accused of spreading false or biased information, often to discredit unfavorable coverage. Conservatives wield it to challenge mainstream media’s credibility. Progressives argue it’s weaponized to undermine journalism, though they acknowledge misinformation concerns.
Fascism
Fascism is an authoritarian, ultranationalist ideology emphasizing strong central control, suppression of dissent, and glorification of the state or leader, as seen in Mussolini’s Italy. It rejects pluralism and promotes militarism. Conservatives may use it to critique progressive collectivism or censorship. Progressives apply it to nationalist movements, like Trump’s, alleging democratic erosion.
Fossil Fuels
Fossil fuels—coal, oil, natural gas—are non-renewable energy sources powering much of the global economy but contributing to greenhouse emissions. They’re central to energy policy debates. Conservatives defend their reliability and economic role, advocating technological improvements. Progressives push for renewables, citing environmental harm.
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Gaslighting
Gaslighting is a psychological manipulation tactic where someone causes another to question their reality or sanity, often through denial or distortion. In politics, it’s used to describe leaders or media misleading the public. Conservatives may accuse progressive media of gaslighting on issues like crime stats. Progressives apply it to conservative rhetoric, like downplaying January 6, alleging voter deception.
Gender Identity
Gender identity is an individual’s internal sense of their gender, which may differ from their biological sex, including male, female, non-binary, or transgender identities. Conservatives often emphasize biological sex, questioning policies like pronoun use. Progressives advocate recognizing diverse identities, supporting legal protections.
Global Warming
Global warming is the rise in Earth’s average temperature due to greenhouse gas emissions from human activities like burning fossil fuels, driving climate change effects. Conservatives acknowledge it but prioritize economic concerns, favoring market solutions. Progressives see it as a crisis needing aggressive emission reductions.
Globalism
Globalism favors international cooperation, free trade, and interconnectedness via institutions like the UN, contrasting with nationalism. Conservatives, especially Trump supporters, criticize it as eroding sovereignty and jobs. Progressives support it for addressing global issues like climate change, though some critique corporate bias.
Green New Deal
The Green New Deal is a proposed U.S. framework combining climate action, like renewable energy, with economic reforms, such as job creation, to address environmental and social inequalities. Conservatives oppose it as unrealistic, fearing economic disruption. Progressives champion it as a bold vision for sustainability.
Groomer
Groomer is a controversial term used by conservatives to accuse individuals, often educators or activists, of manipulating children toward certain ideologies or identities, particularly around LGBTQ+ issues. It implies predatory intent but lacks legal clarity. Conservatives critique progressive policies as overreaching. Progressives denounce it as a fearmongering slur fueling anti-LGBTQ+ sentiment.
Gun Control
Gun control involves laws regulating firearm sale, ownership, and use to reduce violence, including background checks or weapon bans. Conservatives view it as infringing Second Amendment rights, emphasizing self-defense. Progressives support it for public safety, citing gun violence rates.
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Hate Speech
Hate speech is communication targeting protected groups based on traits like race or sexuality, often inciting discrimination. Its legal boundaries spark free speech debates. Conservatives argue hate speech laws threaten expression. Progressives advocate regulation to protect marginalized communities.
Healthcare Reform
Healthcare reform seeks to improve accessibility, affordability, and quality of healthcare, often through expanded insurance or cost regulation. In the U.S., it’s tied to public vs. private system debates. Conservatives favor market-driven reforms. Progressives push for universal healthcare like Medicare for All.
Homegrowns
Homegrowns, used by President Trump, refers to domestic terrorists or extremists born or radicalized in the U.S., highlighting internal security threats. Conservatives emphasize national security, focusing on specific ideologies. Progressives stress addressing root causes like online extremism.
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Identity Politics
Identity politics centers on the interests of specific social groups, defined by race, gender, or sexuality, to address their grievances. Conservatives criticize it as divisive, prioritizing identity over shared values. Progressives see it as amplifying marginalized voices, addressing inequities.
Illegal Immigration
Illegal immigration involves entering or residing in a country without authorization, central to border security debates. Conservatives emphasize enforcement, viewing it as a strain on resources. Progressives advocate humane policies, like citizenship pathways, citing economic contributions.
Insurrection
Insurrection is a violent uprising against government authority, often to overthrow or disrupt it, as seen in the January 6 Capitol riot. It carries legal weight in the U.S. under sedition laws. Conservatives may argue it’s overstated for January 6, emphasizing protester motives. Progressives use it to highlight democratic threats, calling for accountability.
Intersectionality
Intersectionality, developed by Kimberlé Crenshaw, examines how overlapping identities—like race, gender, or class—shape unique experiences of privilege or oppression. Conservatives critique it as divisive, fueling identity politics. Progressives embrace it for nuanced advocacy of multifaceted inequalities.
Interventionism
Interventionism is a foreign policy of active engagement in other nations’ affairs via military or diplomatic means, contrasting isolationism. Conservatives support it for security but align with Trump’s skepticism. Progressives criticize it as imperialistic, favoring diplomacy.
Isolationism
Isolationism prioritizes national interests, avoiding international conflicts or alliances, emphasizing domestic focus. Conservatives, particularly Trump supporters, embrace it via “America First” to preserve sovereignty. Progressives oppose it, arguing global issues like climate change require cooperation.
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LGBTQ+
LGBTQ+ encompasses lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, and other gender or sexual minorities, central to civil rights and equality debates. Conservatives often hold traditional views, opposing some policies like transgender rights. Progressives champion LGBTQ+ rights as human rights, advocating full equality.
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MAGA
MAGA, or “Make America Great Again,” is President Trump’s slogan, symbolizing a nationalist, conservative movement for economic protectionism and cultural restoration. Conservatives embrace it as patriotic, resisting globalism. Progressives criticize it as exclusionary, tied to regressive policies.
Marxism
Marxism, developed by Karl Marx, is a socio-economic theory analyzing class struggle and advocating for a classless society through collective ownership. Often misapplied in U.S. discourse to critique progressive policies, it’s distinct from socialism. Conservatives use it to warn of anti-capitalist threats. Progressives clarify its academic roots, rejecting its weaponization against moderate reforms.
Medicare for All
Medicare for All is a proposed U.S. single-payer healthcare system, replacing private insurance to ensure universal coverage. Conservatives oppose it as costly, limiting choice. Progressives support it as a moral necessity, reducing disparities and administrative costs.
Microaggressions
Microaggressions are subtle, often unintentional remarks or actions conveying prejudice toward marginalized groups, accumulating to create hostile environments. Conservatives dismiss them as oversensitivity, arguing they stifle speech. Progressives view them as real harms, advocating cultural sensitivity.
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Nationalism
Nationalism emphasizes pride in national identity and interests, often over global concerns, manifesting as patriotism or xenophobia. Conservatives, especially Trump supporters, embrace it via “America First.” Progressives criticize it as exclusionary, favoring multiculturalism.
Net Neutrality
Net neutrality ensures internet providers treat all online content equally, without prioritizing specific sites, maintaining an open internet. Conservatives oppose it, arguing it burdens providers with regulations. Progressives support it for fair access, preventing corporate control.
Non-Binary
Non-binary is a gender identity outside the male-female binary, encompassing genderfluid or agender expressions, often using they/them pronouns. Conservatives question it, emphasizing biological sex. Progressives advocate recognition, supporting inclusive policies.
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Open Borders
Open borders advocate unrestricted movement across national borders, minimizing immigration controls, a rare theoretical stance. Conservatives oppose it, arguing it threatens security and jobs. Progressives rarely support fully open borders but favor lenient immigration policies.
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Patriot
Patriot denotes strong loyalty to one’s nation, often defending its values. Conservatives, particularly Trump supporters, reclaim it for traditional American principles, implying opponents lack loyalty. Progressives view it cautiously, associating it with exclusionary rhetoric, but embrace inclusive patriotism.
Political Correctness (PC)
Political correctness involves avoiding language or actions offending marginalized groups, aiming for respectful communication. Conservatives criticize it as censorious, limiting discourse. Progressives defend it for inclusivity, though some see it as rigid.
Populism
Populism pits “the people” against elites, emphasizing grievances against institutions. Trump’s anti-elite rhetoric exemplifies right-wing populism; left-wing populism seeks wealth redistribution. Conservatives embrace it as democratic. Progressives support anti-elite aspects but criticize its divisiveness.
Pro-Choice
Pro-choice supports a woman’s right to choose abortion, emphasizing bodily autonomy and legal access. Conservatives oppose it, prioritizing fetal life. Progressives champion it as essential for gender equality, resisting restrictions.
Pro-Life
Pro-life opposes abortion, believing life begins at conception, advocating fetal rights and adoption. Conservatives frame it as a moral imperative. Progressives criticize it as restricting autonomy, though some support reducing abortion via welfare.
Pronouns
Pronouns like he/him or they/them reflect gender identity, increasingly chosen in inclusive settings. Conservatives resist mandated use, arguing it compels speech. Progressives support it as respecting gender diversity.
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Red Flag Laws
Red flag laws allow temporary firearm removal from individuals deemed risky, based on court orders, to prevent violence. Conservatives support them cautiously, wary of due process. Progressives back them for public safety without broad bans.
Renewable Energy
Renewable energy from solar, wind, or hydro offers sustainable alternatives to fossil fuels, central to climate mitigation. Conservatives support it but prioritize economic viability. Progressives push rapid adoption to combat climate change.
Reparations
Reparations compensate communities for historical injustices, like slavery, via payments or reforms, tied to African American descendants in the U.S. Conservatives oppose it, citing logistical issues. Progressives support it as justice for wealth gaps.
Reproductive Justice
Reproductive justice combines reproductive rights with social justice, advocating abortion, contraception, and maternal healthcare access, plus socioeconomic support. Conservatives focus on abortion opposition. Progressives embrace its holistic approach to equity.
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Safe Spaces
Safe spaces are areas, often in schools, where individuals discuss issues without discrimination, particularly for marginalized groups. Conservatives criticize them as echo chambers. Progressives defend them for protecting vulnerable people.
Sanctuary Cities
Sanctuary cities limit cooperation with federal immigration enforcement to protect undocumented immigrants, prioritizing community trust. Conservatives oppose them, arguing they undermine law. Progressives support them as humanitarian.
School Choice
School choice allows parents to select public, private, or charter schools, often with public funds like vouchers. Conservatives champion it for innovation. Progressives argue it undermines public education, deepening inequality.
School Vouchers
School vouchers are government subsidies for private or charter school tuition, part of school choice. Conservatives support them for parental freedom. Progressives oppose them, arguing they drain public school resources.
Second Amendment Rights
Second Amendment rights guarantee U.S. citizens the right to bear arms, central to gun control debates. Conservatives defend it as a liberty against tyranny. Progressives acknowledge it but support safety regulations.
Social Justice
Social justice seeks fairness by addressing systemic inequalities in race, gender, or wealth via reforms or activism. Conservatives criticize it as divisive or overreaching. Progressives view it as essential for dismantling oppressive structures.
Socialism
Socialism advocates collective or government ownership of production to reduce inequality, often misapplied to U.S. policies like healthcare reform. Conservatives denounce it as anti-capitalist. Progressives embrace democratic socialism, citing equitable models.
Standardized Testing
Standardized testing assesses student performance uniformly, used for accountability or admissions, criticized for narrowing curricula. Conservatives support it for standards. Progressives criticize it as inequitable, favoring holistic evaluations.
Surveillance Capitalism
Surveillance capitalism is tech companies’ monetization of personal data, often via ads, raising privacy concerns. Conservatives criticize privacy violations but resist regulation. Progressives advocate strict laws, viewing it as exploitative.
Systemic Racism
Systemic racism is discrimination embedded in societal structures, perpetuating inequality without overt prejudice. Conservatives dispute its prevalence, emphasizing personal responsibility. Progressives highlight it as a root cause of disparities, advocating reforms.
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Tariff
A tariff is a tax on imported goods to protect domestic industries or retaliate in trade disputes, used by President Trump on China. Conservatives support it for jobs and trade fairness. Progressives criticize it for raising prices and disrupting trade.
Totalitarianism
Totalitarianism is an extreme form of authoritarianism where the state controls nearly all aspects of public and private life, suppressing dissent entirely. Historical examples include Nazi Germany. Conservatives may use it to critique progressive overreach. Progressives apply it to warn of authoritarian conservative movements eroding freedoms.
Trade Wars
Trade wars involve countries imposing tariffs or barriers, escalating into retaliatory measures, as seen in Trump’s China tariffs. Conservatives defend them for protecting workers. Progressives argue they harm consumers and global economies.
Transgender
Transgender describes individuals whose gender identity differs from their assigned sex at birth, encompassing social or medical transitions. Conservatives view it through a biological lens, questioning policies. Progressives support transgender rights, advocating protections.
Transgender Rights
Transgender rights involve legal and social protections for transgender individuals, like healthcare access and anti-discrimination laws. Conservatives oppose some rights, citing religious or fairness concerns. Progressives champion them as human rights.
Trigger Warnings
Trigger warnings notify about potentially distressing content, common in education, to help trauma survivors. Conservatives criticize them as coddling, limiting discourse. Progressives defend them as compassionate, enabling safe participation.
Tyranny
Tyranny is oppressive, unjust rule by a government or leader, often invoked to critique overreach. Conservatives use it to oppose progressive mandates, like health policies. Progressives apply it to conservative policies, like voting restrictions, alleging democratic harm.
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Universal Basic Income (UBI)
Universal Basic Income provides regular, unconditional payments to all citizens to ensure a basic living standard, proposed to address poverty. Conservatives oppose it, arguing it discourages work. Progressives support it as a safety net for equity.
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Virtue Signaling
Virtue signaling is publicly expressing moral stances, often online, to gain approval rather than effect change, tied to performative activism. Conservatives mock it as progressive posturing. Progressives acknowledge it but argue the term is overused to dismiss advocacy.
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Whataboutism
Whataboutism is a rhetorical tactic deflecting criticism by pointing to others’ flaws, like countering a critique with “What about their actions?” It’s used across politics to avoid accountability. Conservatives may use it to highlight progressive hypocrisy. Progressives apply it to conservative deflections, like dismissing policy critiques.
White Privilege
White privilege describes unearned societal advantages white individuals gain due to race, often invisible in biased systems. Conservatives reject it, arguing it generalizes and ignores merit. Progressives use it to explain systemic inequities, advocating awareness.
Witch Hunt
Witch Hunt, used by President Trump, describes investigations or criticisms seen as politically motivated attacks, implying unfair persecution. Conservatives defend Trump with it, claiming partisan bias. Progressives see it as deflecting legitimate accountability.
Woke
Woke originally meant awareness of social injustices, especially racial, but now often pejoratively describes hyper-vigilant progressive activism. Trump uses it to criticize liberals. Conservatives mock it as dogmatic. Progressives may embrace its original meaning but critique its weaponization.
Wokeness
Wokeness, a variation of “woke,” refers to perceived overzealous progressive activism, emphasizing political correctness or social justice to a fault. It’s a conservative critique of liberal culture. Conservatives use it to highlight progressive excess. Progressives reject it as a caricature, focusing on substantive justice.
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